British Colonial Errors, Decolonization, and the Right to Sovereignty and Self-Determination

Disclaimer

The views and recommendations expressed in this dossier represent the collective editorial and research efforts of Eelamtamil human rights advocates. This document is intended strictly for educational, advocacy, and legal reform purposes. Sources are cited via in-line references; certain testimonies are anonymized to protect vulnerable identities. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and fairness, readers are encouraged to consult primary legal documents and international treaties. No part of this dossier should be construed as an official statement by any government or the United Nations.

Editor’s Note

In the face of persistent injustice, enforced amnesia, and the unfinished legacy of colonial transitions, the Eelamtamil people continue to assert their fundamental rights as a nation, an Indigenous group, and a subject of international law. This dossier is founded on the critical necessity of historical accuracy, legal clarity, and the ethical imperative to prevent further erasure of a people’s identity and future.

Transparently sourced and cross-referenced to both academic and grassroots voices, this dossier aspires to bridge historic wrongs with an active advocacy guide for community members, professionals, and the global audience in supporting the legitimate cause of Tamil Eelam. We invite further dialogue, critique, and mobilization.

 Dossier for Eelamtamils Advocacy:

British Colonial Errors, Decolonization, and the Right to Sovereignty and Self-Determination

Executive Summary

At a glance:

·        The British decolonization of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) was marred by grave errors, most notably the denial of Eelam Tamils' nationhood and the transfer of colonial state sovereignty exclusively to the Sinhala majority.

·        Tamils of the North and East possess a continuous historical, cultural, and political identity, satisfying all established criteria under international law for recognition as a "People," "Nation," and "Indigenous group."

·        International law-including the UN Charter, ICCPR, ICESCR, UNDRIP, and landmark global resolutions-affirms the right of self-determination and protection of distinct Indigenous communities. The case of the Eelam Tamils is at par with other post-colonial nations recognized by the UN Special Committee on Decolonization (Fourth Committee).

·        Post-1948, Tamils have faced systematic state-sponsored crimes: forced demographic engineering, military occupation, religious site appropriation, lethal repression, and orchestrated impunity.

·        Persistent violations and non-compliance by Sri Lanka with international calls for justice reinforce the need for a new approach focused on decolonization, accountability, and restitution.

·        The pathway forward includes international recognition of Tamils as a non-self-governing people, engagement with the UN C24, advocacy for appointment of a Trusteeship Council, and pursuit of effective transitional justice.

·        This dossier integrates historical analysis, legal matrices, timeline tables, stakeholder mappings, visual matrices, and testimonies, emphasizing best advocacy practices for maximum impact and engagement.

Background & Context

1. Historical Tamil Nationality and British Colonial Policy

The modern crisis in Sri Lanka is rooted in the legacy of British colonial administration and its arbitrary fusion of distinct polities. Before colonial consolidation, the island was a mosaic of kingdoms:

·        The Tamil-speaking North and East were administered as independent or semi-autonomous regions for centuries, with the Jaffna kingdom established in 1325 CE1.

·        Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonial periods respectively maintained separate administrative structures for Tamil and Sinhalese areas until 1833, when the British implemented a unitary administrative system without the consent of the Tamil population.

·        Even British records and ethnographic documentation recognize clear "Tamil Provinces" in the North and East, correlating to cultural, linguistic, and historical boundaries (see timeline table below).

The British preference for communal, rather than territorial, governance and their “divide and rule” strategies institutionalized ethnic identity into the political fabric, sowing seeds of future conflict2.

2. The Soulbury Constitution and Denial of Tamil Sovereignty

The 1944-45 Soulbury Commission was a pivotal moment. Despite Tamil leaders' representations for parity and “50-50” safeguards to prevent Sinhalese domination, British constitutional architects rejected federal or parity proposals and instead favored majoritarian rule. British officials ultimately negotiated exclusively with Sinhala representatives, excluding the legitimate Tamil nation from the decolonization process, and disregarded explicit cautionary submissions on minority rights34.

Timeline Table: Historical Eelamtamil Polity and Governance

Period

Kingdom / Authority

Key Features/Events

~3rd c. BCE-1505

Classical Tamil Dynasties

Chola, Pandya, Chera (interactions with Lanka)

1215-1621

Jaffna Kingdom (Arya Chakravarti)

Autonomous Tamil state, resisted Portuguese

1621-1796

Colonial Periods (Portuguese, Dutch)

Separate Tamil administration, continued chieftaincies

1796-1833

Early British Ceylon

Tamil (NE) and Sinhalese (SW) kept distinct

1833-1948

British Unitary Colony

Imposed Five Provinces incl. Tamil North & East

1948-1972

Dominion of Ceylon

Sinhala-majority independence, Tamils marginalized

1976-2009

De facto Tamil Governance

Vaddukoddai Resolution, LTTE state, ISGA, TNA

2002-2006

ISGA (Interim Self-Governing Authority)

Ceasefire, autonomous Tamil admin (North-East)

2009-2025

Militarized Rule, Provincial Council

Tamils denied effective self-rule, heavy militarization

Detailed analysis: The Jaffna kingdom's existence, recognized by Portuguese and Dutch treaties, the persistence of Vanni chieftaincies, and the recurring Indigenous leadership into the colonial era, affirm a continuous thread of Tamil national polity1. The ISGA era-an outcome of internationally brokered negotiations-demonstrated both the capacity and popular legitimacy of interim Tamil self-governance5.

Methodology

This dossier synthesizes a wide range of sources:

·        Primary legal documents: The UN Charter, ICCPR, ICESCR, UNDRIP, General Assembly resolutions, and other international conventions.

·        Peer-reviewed research: Academic works on international law, decolonization, and transitional justice.

·        Governmental and intergovernmental reports: UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and documentation from international advocacy bodies.

·        Ground realities and testimonies: Community-based organizations, survivor testimonies (protected identities), institutional records from Tamil advocacy groups, legal submissions, and diaspora input.

·        Comparative legal cases and precedents: International and regional analogues (e.g., Mauritius decolonization case, East Timor, Kosovo) and evolving interpretations in international jurisprudence.

·        Stakeholder mapping and audience analysis: Engagement with expert guides on advocacy strategy and stakeholder influence.

Stringent editorial transparency, high-contrast visuals, and prioritized calls-to-action underpin the approach. Hyperlinks, visual matrices, and timeline tables are incorporated for accessibility and advocacy impact.

Findings & Analysis

A. British Failures and the Roots of Contemporary Injustice

1. Imposed Unitary State and Erosion of Tamil Sovereignty

The British colonial government’s key errors in Ceylon included:

·        Merger of Discrete Polities: The 1833 decision to abolish existing Tamil and Sinhalese boundaries and form a single Governor-led colony nullified centuries-old Tamil polity without meaningful consultation or consent.

·        Ethnic Majoritarianism: Electoral, administrative, and territorial design by the British systematically privileged the Sinhalese majority, with “communal representation” and franchise expansion rendering the Tamils a permanent political minority2.

·        Soulbury Commission’s Exclusion of Tamils: Through the Soulbury process, British negotiations with Sinhalese elites, and their disregard for Tamil political leaders’ calls for protections and federalism, created constitutional arrangements defectively granting sovereignty only to the Sinhala group34.

·        International Law Breaches: The transfer of full state sovereignty to the "Ceylonese Parliament" in 1948 was executed despite international legal obligations to secure self-determination for all colonized peoples. The UN’s own decolonization resolutions (1514, 1541) required consultation and consent-principles neglected in the treatment of Ceylon’s Tamils6.

Analysis: As international law advanced post-1945, including the United Nations Charter’s self-determination mandates, the failure to treat the Eelam Tamils’ homeland as a non-self-governing territory breached both the letter and spirit of decolonization jurisprudence7.

2. Lack of Recognition for “Peoplehood” and Indigeneity

The case for Eelam Tamils as a 'People', 'Nation', and 'Indigenous group' is grounded in:

·        Historical Continuity: Robust lines of kingship, governance, land tenure (e.g., Thesavalamai law), and cultural identity pre-colonial and throughout colonial regimes1.

·        International Legal Standards:

o   The UN Charter, ICCPR, and ICESCR: All peoples have the right to self-determination.6

o   UNDRIP affirms Indigenous peoples’ collective rights, including free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) and restitution over traditional lands.8

o   Customary international law and UN treaties place obligations on successor states to respect traditional ethnic and nation group boundaries9.

3. Colonial Legacies of Displacement and Division

British census and land policies (distinguishing between “Ceylon Tamils” and “Indian Tamils” while diminishing political power of the local Tamil majority) fostered systematic marginalization, culminating post-independence in legal and physical exclusion10.

B. Claim under International Law: Tamil Right to Self-Determination

Comparative Table: International Law Articles & Conventions

Treaty / Instrument

Relevant Article(s)

Applicability to Eelam Tamils

Key Provisions / Precedents

UN Charter (1945)

Art. 1(2), Ch. XI

“Peoples”’ self-determination mandatory in decolonization

“respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples”

ICCPR / ICESCR (1966)

Art. 1

All peoples’ right to freely determine political status

“freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development”

UNDRIP (2007)

Arts. 3, 26, 27, 36

Indigenous sovereignty and land rights; right to maintain distinct status

Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC); restitution rights

Geneva Conventions / Protocol I

Art. 1 (common), 24

Protection in armed conflicts; right to remedies

International obligations in non-international armed conflicts

Genocide Convention (1948)

Arts. 2, 3, 4

Accountability for group-targeted crimes

Prosecutions for genocide, complicity, incitement

C24 Mandate (UNGA Res. 1654/1961)

-

Inclusion of territories improperly decolonized

C24/UN 4th Committee can refer incomplete decolonization matters

Elaboration: Under these provisions, especially the principle of “remedial secession” (as in Kosovo, East Timor), breaches by the state-systematic denial of representation, mass rights violations-are recognized grounds for international self-determination processes.

C. Post-Colonial Crimes: Milestones and Trends

1. State-Sponsored Crimes against Eelam Tamils since 1948

Internationally recognized crimes committed:

·        Massacres (e.g., Black July 1983), pogroms, indiscriminate shelling, extrajudicial killings, torture, enforced disappearances, and large-scale internal displacement11.

·        Military occupation, ongoing expropriation of Tamil lands under the guise of “security” and “development” projects12.

·        Appropriation and forced conversion of Hindu and Christian temples into Buddhist shrines (“Buddhisization” in non-Buddhist areas)12.

·        Destruction of Tamil memorials, systematic erasure of cultural identity, and banning of commemorations.

·        Persistent surveillance and intimidation of civil society, human rights defenders, victims’ families, and journalists seeking justice13.

·        Illegal demographic engineering-state-aided settlement schemes (e.g., Mahaweli irrigation projects), forcibly altering the ethnic balance of the North and East14.

Table: Major International Crimes Documented Post-1948

Period

Crime Types & Incidents

International Legal Offence

1956-1983

Pogroms (1956, 1958, 1977, 1981, 1983)

Crimes against humanity, genocide elements

1983-2009 (Civil War)

Massacres (Black July), extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, and sexual violence

War crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide

2009-Present

Military occupation, land grabs, enforced disappearances (Chemmani, mass graves), Buddhization of Tamil lands

On-going persecution, crimes against humanity, destruction of cultural heritage1512

2. UN and International Accountability Calls Overlooked

The United Nations, through the OHCHR and successive Human Rights Council resolutions, has documented and repeatedly called for accountability and reforms in Sri Lanka (see Timeline/Chronology section)16. Sri Lanka has:

·        Consistently rejected external accountability mechanisms, refusing hybrid courts or effective transitional justice measures17.

·        Failed to repeal repressive laws like the PTA, further criminalizing Tamil activism.

·        Ignored calls for the demilitarization and return of occupied Tamil lands.

Recent events, including ongoing mass graves discoveries (Chemmani) and sustained military occupation, confirm the pattern of impunity.1618.

3. Consequences of Militarization, Demographic Engineering, and Impunity

·        The North-East remains among the world’s most densely militarized regions, with “camps in every corner” and routine surveillance of the population. The army’s economic activities further displace civilian livelihoods15.

·        Continuous Sinhalese state settlement projects fragment Tamil homelands, threaten electoral representation, and threaten long-term community survival14.

·        State resources have been directed at building Buddhist temples and imposing Sinhala-Buddhist cultural markers in traditional Tamil areas, erasing their historical identity19.

·        Tens of thousands remain internally displaced, deprived of land, reparations, or access to justice.

D. Case Studies & Testimonies

Case Study 1: Chemmani Mass Graves, Jaffna-Recurring Evidence of Wartime and Postwar Atrocities

·        Mass graves first discovered in 1998; more than 140 skeletons unearthed in 2025, including children, evidence of systematic disposal of “disappeared” Tamils16.

·        Despite credible confessions from Sri Lankan military officers, no full forensic investigation or prosecution has ever been completed. UN and civil society groups affirm the need for international involvement.

Case Study 2: Ongoing Military Occupation of Land in Mullaitivu, Kilinochchi, Vavuniya

·        Land belonging to displaced Tamil families remains under army or air force control, impeding resettlement, farming, and reconstruction, while new Buddhist structures are built on confiscated land15.

Testimony 1: Displaced Tamil Farmer (Kilinochchi)

“They took our fields in 2009. Every year we ask for it back, but another camp or Buddhist shrine appears instead. The army farms land it seized, while we depend on aid. Our children cannot visit ancestral temples or bury the dead with dignity. Is this reconciliation?” (Identity protected)

E. Legal Framework and Comparative Analysis

Legal Matrix: International Law Articles and UN Conventions

Principle / Article

Legal Implications for Eelam Tamils

Peoples’ right to self-determination

UN Charter Art. 1(2); ICCPR Art. 1: Applies directly to Tamils as a ‘People’.

Non-self-governing territories and decolonization

GA Res. 1514, 1541: Duty to transfer authority only with peoples’ free will; decolonization not completed if consent is missing.

Remedies for “remedial secession”

Permissible if a people is denied meaningful representation, faces gross injustices (Kosovo, East Timor, Bangladesh precedents).

Indigenous rights (UNDRIP, ILO 169)

Land rights, restitution, FPIC, and cultural preservation are non-negotiable. Tamils’ homelands claim and protections are aligned.

Crimes against humanity (Rome Statute)

Persecution of Tamils by military occupation, land grabs, forced displacement.

Legal obligation for international community

To facilitate decolonization, prevent genocide, enforce compliance, and support self-determination per customary international law.

Expanded Analysis:

·        International bodies (e.g., UN C24/4th Committee) have an established precedent for examining cases of "improper decolonization" and appointing Trusteeship Councils for transition-even decades after initial missteps (Mauritius Chagos case)20.

·        Extant international jurisprudence (Human Rights Committee, CESCR) recognizes group identity as sufficient for invoking self-determination where structure or denial of rights is proven821.

Case Timeline/Chronology: Tamil Autonomy and Self-Governance

Year

Event/Regime

Significance to Tamil Sovereignty/Identity

1215

Arya Chakravarti Kingdom (Jaffna)

Recognized Tamil kingdom, direct diplomatic ties

1621-1796

Portuguese/Dutch colonial governance

Formal chieftaincies, indigenous administration

1833

British merger of North/East into Ceylon

Erasure of political autonomy by centralized colonial admin.

1948

Soulbury Constitution, Ceylon “Independence”

Transfer of state power to Sinhala-majority with exclusion of Tamils

1956

Sinhala Only Act

Linguistic discrimination, catalyst for nonviolent Tamil resistance

1977

Vaddukoddai Resolution

Unanimous Tamil demand for independent state after repeated discrimination

1983-2009

Tamil Eelam de facto state/LTTE ISGA

Functional government structures, international negotiations, cessation of hostilities

2002

Norwegian-brokered ceasefire, ISGA proposal

International acknowledgment of need for Tamil self-government

2009-2025

Intense militarization, continued exclusion

Ongoing crimes: occupation, displacement, impunity

Visual Matrix: Influence/Interest of Key Stakeholders

Stakeholder

Influence on Outcome

Interest in Tamil Self-determination

Advocacy Engagement Priority

Eelamtamil diaspora

High

High

Champion

UN/OHCHR

High

Medium-High

Target for direct advocacy

Sri Lankan Government

High

Opposed

Key detractor

India/Tamil Nadu state

High

Medium (variable)

Strategic ally; needs focus

Donor Governments (UK, Canada, EU)

High

Medium-High

Engagement, diplomatic pressure

Regional advocacy NGOs

Medium

High

Supporter, coalition builder

Local civil society

Medium

High

Candidate for inclusion, testimony

International media

Medium

Medium

Communications priority

General UN member states

Medium

Low-Medium

Target for awareness raising

Buddhist nationalist organizations in SL

Medium

Opposed

Detractor, monitor

See the Stakeholder Mapping Matrix below for details.

Matrix: Stakeholder Influence and Engagement

Stakeholder Group

Role

Influence

Support/Detract

Engagement Strategy

Tamil Diaspora/Human Rights Orgs

Financial, legal, and political muscle

High

Support

Mobilize for lobbying, resources, info exchanges

UN C24/4th Committee

Decolonization review and mandate

High

Neutral/Support

Prepare submissions, petition for visiting mission

OHCHR/UNHRC

Human rights monitoring, accountability

High

Support

Persistent report submissions, formal dialogue

Indian Government/Tamil Nadu

Regional mediation, geopolitical leverage

High

Neutral/Mixed

Bilateral lobbying, highlight parallels with own indigeneity claims

SL State/Government

Implementation, resistance

High

Detract

International pressure, focused advocacy

International Human Rights NGOs

Documentation, campaign mobilization

Medium

Support

Partnership, joint reporting, capacity-building

Local Activists/Civil Society

Grassroots testimony, monitoring

Medium

Support

Protection, training, consultation

Foreign Missions (UK, EU, US, etc.)

Diplomatic leverage, donor status

Medium

Neutral

Policy briefings, public campaigns

Sinhala-Buddhist Nationalists

Counter-mobilization

Medium

Detract

Monitor, debunk misinformation

General Public (Globally)

Amplify cause, mobilize opinion

Medium/Low

Neutral

Public awareness, story-driven outreach

Key Tactics:

·        Prioritize engagement of direct decision-makers (UN committees, donor government policymakers, OHCHR actors).

·        Build coalitions with diaspora, regional, and international advocacy organizations.

·        Protect and platform local testimonies, ensure “protected identities” for sensitive witnesses.

·        Employ high-impact, evidence-driven narratives and symbolic imagery to break through media noise22.

Legal Framework: The Case for Decolonizing Tamil Regions

Key Legal Arguments

·        Unfinished Decolonization: By merging the Tamil homeland with Sinhala-majority regions without meaningful consultation, the British failed to complete decolonization as required under international law.

·        The Right to Remedy: International law holds that when a "people" are denied fundamental rights, subjected to systematic state crimes and denied representation, they are entitled to seek remedial self-determination, including independence as a last resort2324.

·        Application of UNDRIP and ICCPR/ICESCR: The Eelam Tamils satisfy the criteria for Indigenous status: historical territory, collective consciousness, distinct language, and continuous assertion of the right to self-rule.

·        Jurisdiction for International Action: The UN General Assembly, via the Fourth Committee and C24, may receive submissions and petitions for review of non-self-governing territory status, and recommend appointment of a Trusteeship Council or organize referenda under international supervision2526.

·        International Crimes and State Responsibility: The Rome Statute, the Genocide Convention, and customary international law obligate states and third parties to prevent, prosecute, and remedy crimes, including forced transfer, mass displacement, and destruction of cultural identity11.

Advocacy Recommendations

Prioritized Calls-to-Action

1.        Recognition of Eelam Tamils as a People/Nation under International Law:

a.        Submit and advocate via UN C24 for the recognition of North-East Sri Lanka as a non-self-governing territory and for the right to self-determination, ensuring inclusive dialogue with international legal experts.

2.        International Forensic Investigations and Prosecutions:

a.        Engage UNHRC and OHCHR to establish international forensic investigations into mass graves (Chemmani and others), with a mandate to include genocide and crimes against humanity.

3.        Decolonization Referral to the Fourth Committee:

a.        Pursue official referral of the Tamil homeland issue from UNHRC to the General Assembly’s 4th Committee (Special Political and Decolonization), following the precedent of the Chagos/Mauritius case 20.

4.        Trusteeship Council and UN-Supervised Referendum:

a.        Petition for appointment of a Trusteeship Council to oversee transition, and facilitate a UN-conducted and monitored referendum in the Tamil homeland regions to determine future political status.

5.        Immediate Demilitarization and Restitution of Land:

a.        Call for the full demilitarization of the North-East, return of all confiscated lands, and legal affirmation of collective Tamil land rights in accordance with UNDRIP.

6.        Halt to Demographic Engineering and Buddhization:

a.        Demand an immediate cessation of state-aided Sinhalese settlements and Buddhist constructions in traditional Tamil lands, proper restoration of all Indigenous religious sites, and criminal accountability for cultural destruction.

7.        Protection for Human Rights Defenders and Witnesses:

a.        Advocate for international guarantees ensuring the safety of journalists, witnesses, and civil society actors working on these issues.

8.        Comprehensive Transitional Justice:

a.        Ensure tasking of the Office of Missing Persons, Office for Reparations, and other mechanisms with robust mandates, resources, and international technical oversight in line with best practices.

9.        Capacity Building and Solidarity:

a.        Invest in transnational Tamil alliances, professional advocacy training, and sustained media engagement to pressure for remedial international intervention.

10.   Monitoring and Evaluation:

·        Institute regular, transparent monitoring of policy impacts, community needs, and progress towards goal attainment, with public reporting and community feedback loops.

Appendices

·        Appendix A: Timeline Table - Historic Tamil Kingdoms, ISGA, and Political Milestones

·        Appendix B: Comparative Table - Legal Provisions and Applicability to Tamil Case

·        Appendix C: Stakeholder Mapping Matrix (High-Contrast Visual)

·        Appendix D: Sample Advocacy Communications and Policy Brief Templates

·        Appendix E: Glossary of Terms and Acronyms

Appendix A: Timeline Table – Historic Tamil Kingdoms, ISGA, and Political Milestones

Period/Year

Event/Development

Notes/Impact

3rd Century BCE

Establishment of Early Tamil Kingdoms (Chola, Pandya)

Cultural and linguistic foundations

10th Century CE

Chola Empire expansion into Sri Lanka

Tamil administrative and architectural legacy

1948

Ceylon Independence

Tamil concerns excluded from the post-colonial state

1976

Vaddukoddai Resolution

Formal call for Tamil Eelam

2002

Ceasefire Agreement & ISGA Proposal

ISGA: Interim Self-Governing Authority

2009

End of Civil War

Heightened militarization of Tamil regions

2025 (Projected)

DCTE-2030 Advocacy Milestone

UN engagement and legal mobilization

Appendix B: Comparative Table Legal Provisions and Applicability to Tamil Case

Legal Instrument

Key Provisions

Applicability to the Tamil Eelam Case

UN Charter (Articles 1 & 73)

Right to self-determination

Supports decolonization framework

ICCPR & ICESCR

Civil, political, and economic rights

Violations in the occupied Tamil regions

UN Declaration on Indigenous Rights

Cultural autonomy, land rights

Tamil identity and heritage protection

Geneva Conventions

Protection during armed conflict

Alleged war crimes and post-war abuses

Montevideo Convention (1933)

Criteria for statehood

Tamil Eelam meets historical and territorial criteria

 

Appendix C: Stakeholder Mapping Matrix (High-Contrast Visual)

Stakeholder Group

Influence Level

Interest Level

Position on Tamil Eelam

Engagement Strategy

UN Decolonization Unit

High

High

Neutral/Formal

Legal submissions, lobbying

Diaspora Tamil Networks

High

High

Supportive

Mobilization, funding

Sri Lankan Government

High

Low

Opposed

International pressure

Global Human Rights Orgs

Medium

High

Supportive

Evidence sharing, campaigns

Regional Powers (India)

High

Medium

Mixed

Strategic diplomacy


Appendix D: Sample Advocacy Communications and Policy Brief Templates

1. Policy Brief Template

Title: [Issue Title]

Executive Summary: [Concise overview]

Background: [Context and history]

Legal Basis: [Relevant international law]

Recommendations: [Actionable steps]

References: [Citations]

Contact: [Advocacy group info]

2. Sample Letter to UN Special Rapporteur

Dear [Name],

We write to bring urgent attention to the ongoing military occupation and suppression of Tamil self-determination in Sri Lanka...

Sincerely, 

[Organization Name] 

[Contact Info]

3. Social Media Advocacy Post

"Decolonize Tamileelam! Reclaim our land, our rights, our future. #DCTE2030 #TamilJustice #UNDecolonize"

Appendix E: Glossary of Terms and Acronyms

Glossary/Acronyms

Definitions

Eelamtamil

Indigenous Tamil-speaking people of Sri Lanka’s Northern and Eastern Provinces.

C24 (Special Committee on Decolonization)

The UN General Assembly body monitoring decolonization and self-determination.

ISGA

Interim Self-Governing Authority (2003-2006), de facto Tamil administration, product of internationally mediated ceasefire.

UNHRC

United Nations Human Rights Council.

OHCHR

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.

UNGA Res. 1514, 1541

Historic General Assembly Resolutions on decolonization.

UNDRIP

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

PTA

Prevention of Terrorism Act; repressive Sri Lankan law.

FPIC

Free, Prior, and Informed Consent: key doctrine in Indigenous rights.

Rome Statute

The Treaty establishing the International Criminal Court defines crimes against humanity.

Chemmani

Site in Jaffna known for mass graves of disappeared Tamils.

Vaddukoddai Resolution

1976 Tamil political demand for a sovereign state.

Transitional Justice

Legal and institutional mechanisms for truth, accountability, reparations, and reform post-conflict.

Chronology Table: Key Milestones in Tamil Struggle and State Response

Year

Event/Political Stage

Outcome/Impact

1833

British colonial merger

Nullification of indigenous Tamil sovereignty

1948

Ceylon independence under Soulbury

Tamils marginalized in unitary, Sinhala-majority state

1956

Sinhala Only Act

Systemic exclusion, civil disobedience begins

1977

Vaddukoddai Resolution

Democratic electoral mandate for Tamil Eelam state

1983-09

Civil war; ISGA, de facto Tamil state

Parallel Tamil governance, international mediation

2009

Military defeat of Tamil de facto state

Intensification of occupation, mass rights crimes

2015-25

Renewed advocacy, international focus

Limited UN resolutions, ongoing impunity

Conclusion and Next Steps

Summary of Key Demands:

·        International remediation for British colonial errors and incomplete decolonization.

·        Recognition of Tamils as a People and Indigenous nation, entitled to sovereign self-determination.

·        Immediate and effective international action to halt ongoing systemic abuses, secure justice, and enable authentic Tamil governance.

Urgent Call:
All members of the Tamil community, human rights advocates, professionals, and political leaders are urged to engage with and actively support this international process-lobbying, documenting, and amplifying this movement across global forums until full and just decolonization is achieved for the Eelam Tamils.


For further engagement, advocacy materials, and communications training, consult Appendices D and E, and connect with international networks and civil society coalitions specializing in transitional justice, Indigenous rights, and decolonization policy.


End of Dossier


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20. Joint_Letter_to_UNHRC_08172025 - tamilguardian.com. https://www.tamilguardian.com/sites/default/files/Image/pictures/2025/PDFs/Joint_Letter_to_UNHRC_08172025.docx.pdf

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22. 4th Workshop: Advocacy 101 Practical Guide. https://voicesforjustclimateaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/VCA-Workshop-4th-Session.pdf

23. ABORIGINAL SELF-DETERMINATION WITHIN CANADA: RECENT ... - CanLII. https://www.canlii.org/w/canlii/1999CanLIIDocs265.pdf

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25. Special Committee on Decolonization . https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/c24/about

26. C-24 visiting missions . https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/c24/visiting-missions

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