The Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal issued an interim finding that Canada’s residential‑school system and related policies meet the threshold of genocide under international law; the ruling is non‑binding, based on survivor testimony and expert evidence, and a full judgment is expected in the fall. Background The Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal (PPT) held week‑long hearings in Montreal at the request of the Native Women’s Shelter of Montreal to examine missing Indigenous children and unmarked graves. The panel issued an interim statement concluding the pattern of acts constitutes genocide , noting genocide can be non‑lethal and unfold over centuries. CBC.ca CityNews Montreal Legal definition and framing The PPT applied international law principles to argue that forcible transfer of children, systemic cultural erasure, and policies that targeted Indigenous survival meet elements of genocide (including intent and destructive acts against a protected group). The tribunal distinguished geno...